Heredity: The Transmission of Traits from Parents to Offspring
Understanding Phenotype and Genotype
Phenotype: Observable Traits
The observable characteristics expressed by an organism, such as eye color, height, and behavior, are referred to as its phenotype.
Genotype: Underlying Genetic Makeup
An organism's underlying genetic makeup is known as its genotype. It consists of the specific DNA sequences that determine the organism's traits.
Transmission of Traits
Units of Heredity: Genes
Specific characteristics of an individual are determined by genes, which are units of heredity that are passed from parent to offspring.
Alleles: Variations of Genes
Genes exist in different forms called alleles. Each organism inherits two alleles for each gene, one from each parent.
Heredity: The Process of Inheritance
Heredity refers to the biological processes by which specific characteristics are transmitted from parents to their offspring. This involves the passing on of DNA, which contains the genetic information that determines an organism's traits.
Variations in Traits
Organisms have many different genes and can therefore produce a wide variety of proteins. These proteins have specific functions that affect the organism's traits, resulting in the diversity of characteristics observed in nature.
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